如何在后现代杂乱无章的城市环境中建造适应热带气候的建筑是事务所关注的一大问题。该项目将成为一块空白的画布，实验怎样利用不同寻常的方式实现基本的热带被动式设计。

Intrigued by the big question on how to adapt tropicality  in postmodernism’s sprawling urban context, this project was meant to be an empty canvas of experimentation on how we can apply basic tropical passive design in an uncommon manner.

▼建筑外观，external view of the house ©William Sutanto

被动式实验住宅是一个原型项目，展示了如何用一个简单的理念指导空间布局。设计的基本目标是将室内微气候的温度减少4摄氏度，并且在所有窗户都关闭的情况下，依旧能够保持室内的湿度和通风。项目中设置了多个重叠的中庭空间，保证精确的自然通风。垂直交通选用平缓的坡道，底部安装低温、高气压、高湿度的反射池。空间上方为高温、低气压、低湿度的三重天窗体量，采用带通风口的铝制框架。二者形成烟囱效应，强烈的被动气流使得热空气24小时不间断地释放水汽，升向通风口。

The Passive Design Lab is a prototype of how a simple idea can bend and dictate how the space is arranged. The basic premise is to reduce the interior’s micro climate by 4 Celsius degrees, while maintaining humidity and air velocity while all the active windows were closed. The project employs multiple overlapped void spaces ensure the natural ventilation works accurately, gentle ramp were chosen as vertical circulation method as it was also served as wind chimney by having reflective pool underneath (low temperature, high air pressure, high humidity) and triple volume with stacked skylight with aluminium airflow opening as frame (high temperature, low air pressure, low humidity), extreme passive airflow ensure the continuation of hot air releasing water and flows vertically toward the opening 24 hours.

▼设计概念，design concept ©RAD+ar

▼建筑内的环境策略分析，environment strategy in the house ©RAD+ar

在室内外立面的设计上，建筑不仅强调将全年直接日照减少到最小，还要通过控制向外开口的角度，在最大化内部空间私密性的同时，保持最多的景观视野。立面是建筑抵御炎热阳光和太阳辐射的第一层保护，双重体量成为了进入任何巨大玻璃开口前的缓冲空间，保证房间内的温度适宜。空间使用的材料裸露在外，包括粗糙的混凝土墙板、台阶，和自然生长的花园。

Extreme approach of exterior vs interior Facade, building was articulated for not only minimize direct sunlight throughout the year, but it also maximizes privacy by controlling the angle of opening from outside while maintaining maximum view from inside. The surrounding façade acted as the first layer of high sun thermal – radiation double volume space buffer, before entering any large glass opening, thus ensuring low thermal entering the habitable rooms. It openly shares material of its making, raw boardcast concrete and steps of raw unorganized garden.

▼项目鸟瞰，aerial view of the house ©William Sutanto

▼不同方向的立面，facade facing different orientations ©William Sutanto

▼立面近景，控制开口，closer view to the facade with controlled openings ©William Sutanto

立面采用功能性的结构，如同一块开放的画布，四周粗野的植被在粗犷的表面上投下斑驳的光影，创造出不断变化的立面体验。内侧墙面成为多维过渡空间的缓冲器，被半私密和私密空间共享，与绿化交替出现。阳台和泳池被嵌入在建筑的基本形态中，而非向外凸出。这种减去的手法提供了舒适的阴影和看向葱郁花园的全景视角，并且巧妙地将空间隐藏了起来。

A functional Structure as façade, brutalism of the structure acted as open canvas for shadow play from the brutalism of surrounding vegetation to create the ever-changing façade experience. Internal share wall structure acts as a buffer for multi-dimensional transition space that is also made from being shared to semi-private to private, alternated by vegetation. Balconies and swimming pools are carved into the primary form of the building rather than protruding outwards. This method of deduction provides welcome shade and panoramic vantage points to the lush garden, whilst remaining cleverly concealed from the outside.

▼嵌入的泳池
swimming pool carved into the form ©William Sutanto

▼可以欣赏外部景色的私密空间
private space with view to the outside scenery ©William Sutanto

进入建筑后便到达了坡道空间，一年中太阳的移动在坡道上创造出了不断变化的体验。这里同时被用作家庭画廊，带领人们进入非正式的起居空间，直接与泳池相连，框出对面的花园景观。此外，客厅也是两间私密主卧的缓冲空间。自然光从花园和反向墙面两侧照入空间，形成一种神圣的感觉。开放的氛围战胜了空间的限制，体现了RAD+ar建筑事务所对环境的考量。

Upon entering, house open up to the ramp, that by the variation of Sun movement throughout the year create an ever-changing experience in the ramp that also serves as family gallery. Leading to an informal living area that opens up directly to the swimming pool and framing the vista of the garden across. Living room also acted as space barrier between the privacy of 2 main bedrooms. These approaches were highlighting the intention of breaking through the standard space arrangement of residential projects. The space benefits from facing the dual natural light sources of the garden and the inverse embrasures on the facing wall – which create a sense of sanctuary. Open air is championed instead of bound in space, an environmental consideration inspired by the architect RAD+ar

▼作为家庭画廊的坡道空间
ramp space as the family gallery ©William Sutanto

▼坡道连接不同空间，different space connected by the ramp ©William Sutanto

▼坡道与植物，ramp and the vegetation ©William Sutanto

▼客厅，living room ©William Sutanto

▼客厅与泳池相连，living room open to the swimming pool ©William Sutanto

▼从泳池看向花园，view to the garden from the swimming pool ©William Sutanto

绿化屋顶与一系列天窗融合成了一个整体，可以最多地收集雨水回收利用在灌溉上，同时帮助减少混凝土向房间散发的热量。每个房间由两个体量组成，设有三个30×30厘米的标准化天窗，在天花上形成圆锥效应，让几乎每个房间一天中都能获得平均300勒克斯的光照，保证白天不需要使用人工照明。

Green roof applied to maximise rainwater harvesting recycled for irrigation, while helping to reduce heat released by standard concrete into the room and being integrated with a series of skylights. Each double volume room has 3 calibrated skylight openings of 30x30cm that creates cone effect thru the ceiling to achieve an average of 300lux throughout the day in almost every room, that ensure no artificial light was needed during daytime.

▼天窗引入自然光
skylight introducing natural light into the space ©William Sutanto

被动式实验住宅是一个简单的建筑原型，展现了人们如何运用切实可行的被动设计策略，创造一个不需要大量依赖人工设备或主动设计的舒适的可持续空间。在无计划的城市化扩张中，城市住宅逐渐被遮挡、分离，切断了与周边环境的友好关系。RAD+ar希望一个解决方案，唤醒人们面对问题，从而建造出一座庇护所，让大众可以在当代住宅中安全地生活，同时拥抱热带气候和生物，与环境和谐共处。

Passive design Lab was meant to be a simple prototype of how one could still apply a down to earth passive design approach in order to achieve comfort without relying much on artificial / active design for sustainability. In the ongoing unplanned urbanization, urban houses are gradually suffocating, isolating, and cutting off themselves from friendly relationships with the surrounding environment, RAD+ar was to introduced a solution to help awaken to the facing problem, thereby creating a haven within for majority to stay in a safe place while embracing biophilic and tropical approach with the contemporary house, from the perspective of living harmoniously with the environment.

▼夜景，night view ©William Sutanto

▼二层平面图，second floor plan ©RAD+ar

▼三层平面图，third floor plan ©RAD+ar